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Writer's pictureTohar Liani

Matot: The laws of vows and the war against Midian.

Updated: Sep 28, 2024

In the Torah portion of Matot, much can be learned about religion and the fighting stance of the ancient Israelite society. This section, found in the Book of Numbers, delves into two seemingly unrelated topics: the principles that concern vows and the battle against Midianites. As we explore Matot, readers will discover how these topics intertwine to influence people’s lives today.

 

The Role of Promises in Matot

In the Matot, we get an account of the laws regarding vows and oaths. These regulations underscore the role of spoken words in the society of Israelites and the significance that those words possessed, particularly in matters of the spirit. The portion re-emphasizes that when one speaks a vow to God, he must not fail to do it immediately.


Types of Vows Discussed in Matot

Matot outlines various scenarios involving vows:

  1. Men's vows: Unconditionally binding

  2. Unmarried women's vows: Subject to father's approval

  3. Married women's vows: Subject to husband's approval

  4. Divorced or widowed women's vows: Fully binding

Such structure corresponded to the state of the society at that time, and the demand for personal contributions should also be noted.


The Power of Words

Matt explains the importance of the words we choose to speak. However, by painting vows with such importance, the Torah portion conveys that what we utter is not a real joke. Unlike most vows that apply only to marriage, this idea goes a notch higher by making us avoid quarrelsome speaking even in every facet of life.


The War Against Midian: A Divine Command

The second major theme in Matot, the war against the Midianites, is presented as follows: As a divine battle, this one represents both military action against Midian and divine vengeance for Midian’s part in leading Israel into sin.


Reasons for the Conflict

Matot writes that the Midianites and the Moabites had earlier sought to curse the Israelites through the prophet Balaam. When this did not work, they lured the Israelite men into becoming idolaters and fornicators. The war described in Matot is analyzed as an inevitable War retaliation for these actions.


The Execution of the War

The portion also shows how Moses mobilized an army of 12,000 men, one thousand from each tribe. With the leadership of Phinehas, the son of the Eleazar priest, this force fought with the Midianites. Matot protests the holocaust’s final scene, in which there is no death of the Midianites: all is well with the Israelite side, none of the soldiers perished.


Ethical Considerations

On the one hand, it writes the war as the word of God; on the other hand, it creates ethical issues for the contemporary reader. One can find it difficult to make sense of the text’s description of Midian’s destruction, including women and children. This aspect of Matot presents the reader with intense themes like war, justice, and the will of God.


The Spoils of War & Purification

Matot describes in detail the division of spoils from the Midianite war practically to area experts exclusively. This section gives an understanding of the ancient Israelites on issues to do with war and on issues of purity.

 

Division of Spoils

The portion outlines a specific system for dividing the captured goods:

  • Half of the warriors

  • Half to other part of the community

  • A few percent should keep a token of giving to God.

This method gave equal proportion while also considering the gods in the issue of the victory.


Purification Rituals

Notably, Matot is used again to depict purification rites for the returning soldiers and the seized artifacts. This focus on washings after battle underscores the desire for Israelite spiritual cleanness even amidst the battle.


Modern Life According to Matot

While the events described in Matot occurred thousands of years ago, they offer valuable lessons for contemporary readers:

  1. The significance of a promise

  2. The role of the language and possible outcomes of using speech(Main idea: The analysis of the effects and influence of speech)

  3. It is important to understand that justice is not simple and that retribution usually has deep implications.

  4. Ethical considerations as an essential principle in the background of the conflict

  5. Communal duties and functioning compared to people’s actions


Conclusion

Matot can be described as a complex story that draws connections between various matters of spiritual and materialist historiographical action. Through presenting the laws of vows and recalling the war against Midian, this Torah portion provides the reader an opportunity for introspection on the necessity and importance of personal commitments and the gravity and sometimes harshness of warfare. In learning Matot, one is faced with questions of how to implement the principles in daily practice today, given that they were written in antiquity with issues concerning honoring, speech, and ethics.


FAQs

Why does Matot consider vows to be so important?

Matot emphasizes promises to draw attention to the function of words and the significance of words in Greek culture. During the period of the ancient Israelites, word-of-mouth promotion was deemed divine, which is upheld in portion.


Can we justify the war against Midian in Matot from today’s ethical point of view?

One of the more ethically murky conflicts described in Scripture is the war against Midian in Matot. It goes down as a divination in the text, but those who read the text through the lenses of contemporary society have problems with violence embedded in it. As with all such things, Matot prompts reflection upon such topics as justice, the explanation of a scriptural text, and the differences between the ethical codes of yesterday and today.


Wishing you a wonderful day filled with blessings! See you in the next update,

Tohar Liani

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